Mercedes Kompressor, a revolutionary engine technology introduced by Mercedes-Benz nearly a century ago that has since become synonymous with performance and innovation. Originating from the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), the Kompressor, or "supercharger," was inspired by the principles of aviation engine development during World War I. Introduced at the 1921 German Motor Show in Berlin, the Mercedes 6/25 PS and the Mercedes 10/40 PS marked the beginning of a significant technological advancement in automotive engineering.

Paul Daimler, the eldest son of automotive pioneer Gottlieb Daimler and head of DMG vehicle development from 1907 to 1922, played a pivotal role in bringing this technology to life. Recognizing the potential of the Roots compressor, a type of mechanically driven supercharger, he aimed to integrate it into a car. After initial attempts with the sleeve valve engine of a Mercedes-Knight 10/40 PS proved unsuccessful, two new valve-controlled engines were developed: both were inline four-cylinder engines with overhead camshafts, V-shaped valves, and centrally embedded spark plugs. The Roots compressor was fitted to the front of the engine and powered by the crankshaft, significantly increasing the engine's output.

By 1923, despite challenging economic conditions, the impact of the compressor was undeniable. The Mercedes 6/25 PS, with a 1,568 cubic centimeter displacement, saw its output increase from 15 to 18 kW (20 to 25 PS) to 28 to 29 kW (38 to 40 PS) when the rotor supercharger was activated. Similarly, the 10/40 PS model, with a 2,614 cubic centimeter displacement, went from 26 to 29 kW (35 to 40 PS) to 48 kW (65 PS) with the belt-driven supercharger engaged. To emphasize the performance boost, the models were rebranded in 1924 as the Mercedes 6/25/38 PS and Mercedes 10/40/65 PS, with the final number indicating the output in PS with the compressor active.

The powerful compressor engines quickly gained fame in racing circles, with the 1.6-liter engine of the Mercedes 10/40 PS being transformed into various racing engines throughout the 1920s. Notable victories included Christian Werner winning the famous Targa Florio road race in Sicily in 1924 with the red Mercedes 2-litre Targa Florio racing car and Rudolf Caracciola and Wilhelm Sebastian winning the Italian “Mille Miglia” road race in the Mercedes-Benz SSKL (W 06 RS) compressor touring car in 1931.

After a hiatus, compressor technology returned to Mercedes-Benz passenger cars in the 1990s, with the C 230 KOMPRESSOR premiering at the IAA in 1995. This marked the reintroduction of the belt-driven supercharger to passenger cars, highlighting Mercedes-Benz's commitment to continuous innovation and performance enhancement.